Response of dominant rodents to coumatetralyl and bromadiolone in greater Cairo, Egypt

Since the 1950s, anticoagulant rodenticides are used to control rodents in public health and agriculture sectors. The extensive use of these compounds has acted as selective force to rodents, leading to resistance. Resistance mechanisms have been identified in rats and mice, including the modification of the enzyme that activates vitamin K, vitamin K epoxide reductase [VKOR]. Susceptibility levels of the Norway rat, Rattus norvegicus and the roof rat, Rattus rattus to coumatetralyl [first generation anticoagulant] and broamdiolone [second generation anticoagulant] by bioassay detection method under laboratory conditions were studied. Animals were trapped from Greater Cairo, Egypt in which the anticoagulant rodenticides were used to control rodents for long periods. Complete mortality was recorded for both species and sexes within the standard feeding periods [under no-choice feeding test for 6-days to coumatetralyl and 4-days to bromadiolone]. Rat species under studied still susceptible to coumatetralyl and bromadiolone. The present work revealed a significant correlation between species a comparison with consumed dose and death time. R. rattus showed more active in gredient intake [mg/kg] than R. norvegicus. Death time [days], R. raltus recorded higher mean values than R. norvegicus, also females showed higher mean values compared to males

Efficacy of three insecticides on rat flea [Xenopsylla cheopis] infesting rodents in Giza Governorate, Egypt

The extensive use of insecticides in public health and agriculture sectors is the main reason for development of resistance in fleas associated in domestic rodents. The present work was planned to investigate the insecticidal efficacy of Lambda-cyhalothrin, Chlorpyrifos and Fenitrothion against rat flea [Xenopsylla cheopis] infesting rodent species in Giza Governorate, Egypt. The lethal concentration LC[50] and Lc[90] of population percent were obtained from the established regression log concentrate-response lines. Data indicated that the values of lethal concentration [LC[50]] were 0.293, 1.725 and 2.328% for Lambda-cyhalothrin, chlorpyrifos and Fenitrothion, respectively. The values of lethal concentration [Lc[90]] were 0.467, 2.839 and 5.197% for Lambda-cyhalothrin, chlorpyrifos and Fenitrothion, respectively

Field studies on dominant rodents and the efficacy of certain insecticides to their fleas in Dakahlia governorate, Egypt

A preliminary survey of domestic rodent and the efficacy of bendiocarb, diazi-non and pirimiphos-methyl insecticides to their fleas were carried out in Dakahlia Governorates [Aga, Meet-Ghamr, El-Senbellawen, Temi El-Amded, Eeni-Abed, Dekernes, Nabarow, Talkha, Menia El-Nasr and El-Kordy]. Rodent index [number of rodent /trap] and percentage frequency of drodent species were recorded from October 2010 to May 2011. The main rodent species found were the Norway rat, Rattus norvegicus, the grey-bellied rat, R, rattus alex-andrinus, the white-bellied rat, R. r. frugivorus and the house mouse, Mus muscu-lus. The rodent index at Beni-Abed, Nabarow, Meet-Ghamr, Dekernes and El-Kordy centers showed 0.46, 0.39, 0.34, 0.33 and 0.33, respectively, while Menia El-Nasr center showed the lowest [0.08]. Aga, Talkha, El-Senbellawen, and Temi El-Amded centers showed moderate [0.25, 0.21, 0.2 and 0.16, respectively]. The com-monest flea species was the oriental rat flea, Xenopsylla cheopis, the mouse flea, Leptopsylla segnis, the dog flea, Ctenocephalides canis and the sticktight flea Echidnophaga gallinacea. The highest number of fleas was on R. norvegicus [Flea index=10.9] while lowest number was on Mus musculus [Flea index=0.1]. X. cheopis was the highest frequency distributed for all domestic rodent species [60.9%], while, C. canis was the lowest [1.6%]. The results showed tfiat bendiocarb was effective [Lc5o=0.389%] than diazinon [Lc5o=1.039%] and pirimiphos-methyl [Lc5o -2.056%]